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City of Offenbach

Bieber's landmark is 3000 years old

The written history of the Offenbach district of Bieber begins more than 1200 years ago. A Franconian settlement formed the nucleus of today's town in the early Middle Ages. A burial ground in the area of Herderstrasse and Uhlandstrasse also points to this. A gold coin from around 650 A.D. was found in one of the 50 or so burial sites.
It had been placed in the mouth of a dead warrior as a "Charon penny" and was intended to secure him passage across the river of the underworld.

Once a Celtic settlement

Biberaha" was first mentioned in documents in 791 - in a deed of donation from Lorsch Abbey.

Archaeological finds prove that Celts settled in the Bieber area centuries earlier. A burial ground was discovered in the "Struthäckern" south of Bieber, which was used both in the Late Bronze Age (Urnfield period, 1,200 - 750 BC) and in the Late Iron Age (Latène period, 450 BC - birth of Christ).

In a collapsed burial chamber was the "Bieber Amulet", a touchingly filigree meshwork made of bronze wire - just 4.5 centimetres high. Today it is a symbol of Bieber and is on display in Offenbach's House of City History.

Center of the Biebermark

Bieber's second landmark is the Catholic church of St. Nicholas. There has been evidence of a church dedicated to St. Nicholas in Bieber since 1270. In 1307, Bieber became an independent parish. Around 1840, 1053 of Bieber's 1080 inhabitants were Catholic.

The first Protestant church service does not take place until 1865 in a roof truss. After the Luther Church was built in 1935, this developed into today's Protestant parish of Bieber. The current Catholic church of St. Nicholas was consecrated in 1936.

Politically, the village belonged to the Steinheim district in the 14th century, then owned by the Lords of Eppstein. The history of the lords of the land is eventful. From 1425, the Steinheim district came under the Electorate of Mainz. From 1385, Bieber also belonged to the Biebermark, a marquisate for the management of the forest, consisting of twelve neighboring villages that had their place of jurisdiction in Bieber.

Increasing industrialization

The 30 Years' War and the plague ravage Bieber. Around 1638, the population drops to 26 inhabitants.

Almost 50 years later, around 1681, Bieber once again had 151 inhabitants. After the Electorate of Mainz was dissolved in 1803, Bieber fell to the Grand Duchy of Hesse-Darmstadt. With the new municipal regulations, Bieber receives its first mayor, Jakob Zilch, in 1821.

After the town was initially assigned to the Seligenstadt district, Bieber became part of the Offenbach district in 1832.

In the middle of the 19th century, Bieber is still dominated by agriculture. Half of the inhabitants are farmers. After the founding years, small commercial enterprises emerge. They are the harbingers of increasing industrialization in the 20th century. The first industrial workers settled in Bieber around 1900. There is now also a bread factory here. Until the First World War, it is the largest in the whole of Hesse.

Home of the fine bag makers

On the eve of the First World War, Bieber has a population of just under 5,000, including many small businesses, workers and craftsmen.

The leather goods industry flourished in the 1920s. Bieber's fine bag makers, who had previously been employed by companies in Offenbach, set up their own workshops at home.

The leather goods industry reached its heyday in the 1950s and 1960s. Individual leather goods companies are still based in Bieber and Waldhof today.

Bieber has been a district of Offenbach since April 1, 1938. Under National Socialist rule, the incorporation was enforced against the resistance of the population. Offenbach thus takes over the rich real estate, but also the considerable debts of the municipality of Bieber.

These resulted from extensive investments in infrastructure at the beginning of the 20th century. Shortly after the forced incorporation, Offenbach's Nazi leadership ordered the demolition of Bieber's town hall between Langener Straße and Rathausgasse.

Preserving its own character

After the Second World War, an initiative to regain independence fails. The historical wounds have not yet healed completely.

Today, Bieber is an integral part of Offenbach with an independent character. The opening of the S-Bahn lines S1 and S2 in 2003 has significantly improved transport links to Offenbach and the Rhine-Main region. The designation of the new residential areas Bieber-West and Bieber-Waldhof in the 1960s led to a sharp increase in the population. At the end of 2010, around 15,000 people lived in Bieber.

Significant milestones in Bieber's history - here you will find a list of historical milestones.

791 First mentioned as "Biberaha" in a deed of donation from Lorsch Abbey.
1270 Documentary mention of a church.
1307 Bieber becomes an independent parish.
1371 Gottfried von Eppstein pledges the office of Steinheim, which also includes Bieber, to
to Count Ulrich von Hanau.
1380 The Obermühle mill is first mentioned in a document.
1385 Record of the rights and customs ("Weistum") of the Bieger- or
Biebermark. Bieber and 11 surrounding villages were members of this marquisate, which held its court here.
1393 The Eppsteiners pledge the Steinheim office with Bieber to the Lords of Kronberg.
1425 Archbishop Konrad of Mainz acquires Steinheim from the Lords of Eppstein.
1576 Creation of a jurisdiction book in which civil law matters are recorded and regulated.
The village mill is first mentioned in a document.
1604 The cheese mill is first mentioned in a document.
1638 As a result of war and plague, the population drops to 26 inhabitants.
1681 Bieber has 151 inhabitants again.
1708 Dedication of the new parish church (July 13).
1803 As a result of the Reichsdepuationshauptschluss, the Electorate of Mainz is dissolved and Bieber falls to the Grand Duchy of Hesse-Darmstadt.
1819 Dissolution of the Bieger- or Biebermark.
1821 With the new Hessian municipal regulations, Bieber receives a mayor (Jakob
Zilch) and is assigned to the district of Seligenstadt.
1832 Bieber belongs to the Offenbach district.
1840 According to the census, the town has 1,080 inhabitants (1053 Catholics, 17 Reformed and 10 Lutherans).
1841 Founding of the "Frohsinn" choral society (first association).

Explanations and notes

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